![]() ![]() FBR results in the formation of a glial scar, which electrically insulates neurons 10. The lifetime of invasive, intracortical recording devices such as microfabricated neural probes, however, is limited due to the foreign body response (FBR) of the central nervous system 7, 8, 9. EEG, because the neuronal spiking is lost by averaging and filtering across the scalp 1. Recording the action potentials of many individual neurons is impossible with non-invasive brain-machine-interfaces (BMI) e.g. Neural interface technologies are currently being introduced in preclinical applications aiming for the treatment of patients with spinal cord injuries 1, degenerative disorders 2, brainstem strokes 3, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 4, tetraplegia 5 and/or limb amputation(s) 6. ![]() ![]() Our results imply that the functionality of implanted microelectrodes covered by Si nanopillars may lead to improved long-term recordings. Regarding the severity of gliosis, no significant difference was observed in the vicinity of the different implant surfaces, however, the number of surviving neurons close to the nanostructured surface was higher than that of the microstructured ones. Glial encapsulation and local neuronal cell loss were characterised using GFAP and NeuN immunostaining respectively, followed by systematic image analysis. In our work, bioactive properties of implanted black polySi nanostructured surfaces (520–800 nm long nanopillars with a diameter of 150–200 nm) were investigated and compared to microstructured Si surfaces in eight-week-long in vivo experiments. Improving the biocompatibility of implant surfaces, especially promoting neuronal attachment and regeneration is therefore essential. Their lifetime is of key importance however, it is limited by the foreign body response of the tissue causing the loss of neurons and a reactive astrogliosis around the implant surface. Neural interface technologies including recording and stimulation electrodes are currently in the early phase of clinical trials aiming to help patients with spinal cord injuries, degenerative disorders, strokes interrupting descending motor pathways, or limb amputations. ![]()
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